Research Review on Safety Performance Analysis of Electrolyte and Separator Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

Haodi Zhang

doi:10.6919/ICJE.202609_12(9).0026

Authors

Haodi Zhang Hubei University of Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Wuhan, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6919/ICJE.202609_12(9).0026

Keywords:

Lithium-ion Batteries; Composite Separators; Dendrite Growth; Thermal Runaway Resistance; Safety; Solid-state Electrolytes.

Abstract

In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been highly favoured by the electric vehicle and new energy sectors due to their comprehensive advantages, such as long operating range and high cycle life. However, as research into increasing battery energy density has led to heightened risks and potential hazards, reports of lithium-ion battery explosions have become increasingly frequent in the news, making safety issues increasingly prominent. Dendrite crystal growth, which damages the SEI film, along with the thermal shrinkage and poor heat resistance of traditional separators, are key causes of thermal runaway.Modified composite separators and the development of novel solid-state electrolytes are regarded as effective approaches to balancing performance with commercial market demands. However, there remains a gap in systematic summaries of existing research focusing on safety rather than the increase in the battery’s own capacitance.This paper provides a systematic review of research progress on the safety of various composite separators and electrolytes, analyses the composition design strategies for different thermal runaway prevention systems and their mechanisms of influence on battery performance, and highlights that striking a balance between regulating and synergistic thermal runaway prevention, suppressing dendrite growth, and further enhancing ionic conductivity and large-scale production represents the core challenge of current research.Furthermore, it is proposed that multifunctional integrated design and large-scale fabrication compatible with existing processes represent current key development directions and potential objectives for high-safety lithium-ion batteries.

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