A Review of Low-Temperature Heating Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

Zicen Wang

doi:10.6919/ICJE.202607_12(7).0007

Authors

Zicen Wang China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6919/ICJE.202607_12(7).0007

Keywords:

New Energy Vehicles; Lithium-ion Batteries; Low-temperature Heating; External Heating; Internal Heating; Thermal Management System.

Abstract

With prominent features such as high specific power, low self-discharge rate, high energy density, and long cycle life, lithium-ion batteries have become the core energy storage components supporting the operation of power systems in new energy vehicles. However, in environments with low temperatures, this leads to a notable decrease in maximum power output and energy availability, and it also readily initiates lithium plating on the negative electrode during such charging, drastically reducing the battery's capacity retention and lifespan. Consequently, the effective preheating of lithium-ion batteries in environments with low temperatures has emerged as a key technical aid for the consistent and dependable functioning of new energy vehicles in colder areas. This paper systematically sorts out the low-temperature heating technology of lithium-ion batteries and analyzes the applicable scenarios and limitations of various technologies. In closing, this study systematically delineates the pressing technical bottlenecks demanding immediate breakthroughs within the domain of low-temperature heating technologies for lithium-ion batteries, and presents an outlook on their future evolution pathways and practical application prospects.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Jin, X., Li, J., & Zhang, C. (2017). Researches on modeling and experiment of Li-ion battery PTC self-heating in electric vehicles. In Applied Energy Symposium and Forum: Low-Carbon Cities and Urban Energy Systems (CUE 2016) (pp. 62–67). Elsevier B.V.

[2] Zhang, C., Lei, Z., & Dong, Y. (2012). Research on low-temperature heating methods for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 32(9), 5.

[3] Wang, F., Zhang, J., & Wang, L. (2013). Design of air electric heating device for vehicle power battery pack. Power Technology, 37(7), 1184–1187.

[4] Wang, Y., Rao, Z., Liu, S., Li, X., & Xiong, R. (2021). Evaluating the performance of liquid immersing preheating system for lithium-ion battery pack. Applied Thermal Engineering, 116811.

[5] Troxler, Y., Wu, B., Marinescu, M., Yufit, V., Patel, Y., Marquis, A. J., Brandon, N. P., & Offer, G. J. (2014). The effect of thermal gradients on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 247, 1018–1025.

[6] Luo, M., Song, J., Ling, Z., Zhang, Z., & Fang, X. (2021). Phase change material (PCM) coat for battery thermal management with integrated rapid heating and cooling functions from −40 °C to 50 °C. Materials Today Energy, 20(7), 100652.

[7] Chen, Z., Xiong, R., Li, S., & Zhang, B. (2021). Research on ultra-fast heating method for lithium-ion batteries of electric carriers at low temperatures. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 57(4).

[8] Stuart, T. A., & Hande, A. (2004). HEV battery heating using AC currents. Journal of Power Sources, 129(2), 368–378.

[9] Li, Y., Du, J., Zhou, G., Ouyang, M., & Fan, Y. (2020). A rapid self-heating battery pack achieved by novel driving circuits of electric vehicle. Energy Reports, 6, 1016–1023.

[10] Zhang, G., Ge, S., Xu, T., Yang, X., Tian, H., & Wang, C. (2016). Rapid self-heating and internal temperature sensing of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures. Electrochimica Acta, 218, 149–155.

[11] Jiang, Z., Qu, Z., & Wang, Q. (2023). Experimental and numerical investigation of fast preheating of lithium ion pouch cell via low-power inductive heating in cold climate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 214, 124381.