Grid Planning Considering the Development Stages of Distributed PV and Electric Vehicles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6919/ICJE.202606_12(6).0015Keywords:
Grid Planning; Distributed Photovoltaics; Electric Vehicles; Development Stages; V2G; Coordinated Optimization; Life-cycle Cost.Abstract
Under the "dual carbon" goal, distributed photovoltaics (DPV) and electric vehicles (EV) have developed rapidly in China and have now become an important part of the power system. Their impact on the distribution grid, including voltage distribution, load characteristics, power flow and equipment utilisation, there are significant differences in different stages of development. This study considers the process of transforming distributed photovoltaics from "spontanetary self-use, surplus electricity on the Internet" to high penetration rate reverse power flow, and the evolution of electric vehicles from disorderly charging to intelligent coordinated charging and finally developing into V2G mode. On this basis, a multi-stage power grid planning framework is proposed, which includes the generation of uncertain scenarios, coordinated "network-source-load-storage" optimisation model and elastic network structures suitable for different penetration rates. The method was tested on the 33-node power distribution system and the improved 123-node feeder system. The results showed that compared with traditional static planning, the method reduced the whole life cycle cost by about 15-28%, alleviated the problems of voltage over-limit and equipment overload, and postponed the investment in power grid upgrade by 2-4 years. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the participation rate of electric vehicles, the cost of energy storage and the elasticity of time-shring electricity prices is also carried out.
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