Key Issues and Modification Strategies for Layered Oxide Cathode Materials in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Qianqian Ma

doi:10.6919/ICJE.202603_12(3).0042

Authors

Qianqian Ma

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6919/ICJE.202603_12(3).0042

Keywords:

Sodium-ion Batteries; Cathode Materials; Layered Oxides; Modification.

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries, with their advantages of abundant sodium resources, low cost, and excellent safety performance, represent a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale grid energy storage. The cathode material plays a crucial role in determining the battery’s energy density, cycle life, and cost. Layered transition metal oxides, due to their well-ordered layered structure, good electrical conductivity, and two-dimensional ion transport pathways, are highly promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, their practical application is hindered by various challenges, including irreversible phase transitions, high sensitivity to air, loss of lattice oxygen under high pressure, local structural distortions, and slow sodium ion diffusion, all of which significantly impede their commercialization. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, analyzes the key challenges faced in their application, outlines effective modification strategies such as element doping, surface coating, and structural design, and discusses future research directions. The aim is to provide theoretical insights and technical support for the development and industrialization of high-performance sodium-ion battery cathode materials.

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