Design and Performance Study of an Intelligent Glass System based on Multi-Modal Collaborative Regulation

Abstract

This paper designs and proposes a triple-layer composite smart glass system integrating electrochromic, photochromic, and passive thermal insulation functionalities. To address spectral interference issues in conventional multilayer structures, this study employs ANSYS Lumerical and COMSOL Multiphysics for modeling and simulation, optimizing a tungsten oxide-ITO composite electrode structure and a hybrid naphthopyran/spiropyran photochromic system. Simulation results demonstrate that transmittance fluctuations can be controlled within 5%. For control strategies, a dual-mode light intensity sensing network and a hierarchical control model based on a Kalman filter algorithm were developed in the Simulink environment. Simulations verified that this strategy stabilizes indoor illuminance within ±5% of the set threshold. Furthermore, system performance was evaluated using EnergyPlus building energy consumption simulation software. Results indicate that in a standard building model, compared to traditional double-pane insulating glass, the system reduces summer air conditioning energy consumption by 42% and winter heating demand by 28%. Through multi-physics simulations and system modeling, this study provides an innovative solution and theoretical foundation for dynamic optical-thermal management in building envelopes.